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BACHELOR'S DEGREE · DEGREE PAYOFF · FEDERAL FIELD 2610

Pharmacology and Toxicology: is this bachelor's degree worth it?

National picture across 5 reporting college programs.

MODELED SCENARIO · Negative payoff

−$41,364 over 10 years

National scenario across reporting bachelor's degree programs, using median year-4 earnings, their institutions’ average net prices and a typical 4-year duration.

At these assumptions, the estimated earnings premium does not recover the modeled economic investment within ten years.

12.1 yrsModeled economic break-even

−18%Modeled 10-year ROI

$64,445Observed earnings · year 4

Economic ROI includes direct price and earnings forgone during study · $45,000 comparison earnings · values held flat · see the formula

WHAT THIS DEGREE PAYS

Observed national outcomes

$64,445Median reported earnings · year 4

$90,190Average reported earnings · year 5

$18,000Median federal debt

52thYear-4 earnings percentile at this credential

5Reporting programs

5With year-4 earnings

COMPARE CREDENTIAL LEVELS

The same field can produce a different equation.

Keep the federal field fixed and compare observed outcomes at every reportable credential level. These are separate graduate cohorts—not a promise that more schooling causes the difference.

CURRENT VIEW

Bachelor's Degree

Year-4 earnings: $64,445
Federal debt: $18,000
Reporting programs: 5

5 report earnings →OPEN PROFILE

Master's Degree

Year-4 earnings: $110,091
Federal debt: Not available
Reporting programs: 3

3 report earnings →OPEN PROFILE

Doctoral Degree

Year-4 earnings: $180,229
Federal debt: Not available
Reporting programs: 1

1 report earnings →OPEN PROFILE

First Professional Degree

Year-4 earnings: $136,194
Federal debt: Not available
Reporting programs: 1

1 report earnings →

COLLEGE-TO-COLLEGE RANGE

Where the middle half of programs lands

Year‑4 earnings differ by college. This band shows the 25th percentile, national median and 75th percentile among reporting programs.

Median

25th percentile$63,567National median$64,44575th percentile$69,306

5 programs report year‑4 earnings.

WHERE OUTCOMES ARE STRONGEST

See the spread, not just the national number.

1University of California, Santa Barbara$98,462 2CUNY York College$69,306 3University at Buffalo$64,445 4University of California, Davis$63,567 5University of Louisiana at Monroe$48,837

Observed year-4 earnings · top displayed records are not a universal ranking

WHERE THIS FIELD CAN LEAD

Related occupations

Official CIP–SOC links add career context without claiming that every graduate enters the same job.

Health Specialties Teachers, PostsecondarySOC 25-1071 · 8 crosswalk linksMedical Scientists, Except EpidemiologistsSOC 19-1042 · 8 crosswalk linksEnvironmental Scientists and Specialists, Including HealthSOC 19-2041 · 3 crosswalk linksBiological Science Teachers, PostsecondarySOC 25-1042 · 2 crosswalk linksBiological Scientists, All OtherSOC 19-1029 · 2 crosswalk linksNatural Sciences ManagersSOC 11-9121 · 2 crosswalk linksEnvironmental Engineering Technologists and TechniciansSOC 17-3025 · 1 crosswalk linksEnvironmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including HealthSOC 19-4042 · 1 crosswalk linksOccupational Health and Safety SpecialistsSOC 19-5011 · 1 crosswalk linksOccupational Health and Safety TechniciansSOC 19-5012 · 1 crosswalk links

BEST COLLEGES FOR PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

Same degree, different outcomes

Compare reported outcomes using the same federal field and credential. ROI uses each institution’s average net price as a scenario—not an individual aid offer.

#	College	Location	Earnings, year 4	Federal debt	10-year ROI	Verdict
1	University of California, Santa BarbaraBachelor's Degree	Santa Barbara, CA	$98,462	$14,500	+119%	Strong payoff
2	CUNY York CollegeBachelor's Degree	Jamaica, NY	$69,306	Not available	+23%	Positive payoff
3	University at BuffaloBachelor's Degree	Buffalo, NY	$64,445	$23,503	-26%	Negative payoff
4	University of California, DavisBachelor's Degree	Davis, CA	$63,567	$11,811	-22%	Negative payoff
5	University of Louisiana at MonroeBachelor's Degree	Monroe, LA	$48,837	$21,500	-84%	Negative payoff

This page keeps the field and credential level fixed. Federal categories can still combine multiple catalog programs or concentrations. Automated ROI is limited to associate and bachelor’s degrees because institution-wide annual net price is not a reliable proxy for short certificate prices. ROI is an illustrative scenario, not a federal determination.