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DOCTORAL DEGREE · DEGREE PAYOFF · FEDERAL FIELD 2610

Pharmacology and Toxicology: is this doctoral degree worth it?

National picture across 1 reporting college programs.

Personal baseline needed

$180,229 in median year-4 earnings

A credible return for this credential must start with what the student would otherwise earn. The federal data does not provide that personal baseline.

$180,229Median year-4 earnings

$20,995Average institution net-price context

Not availableMedian federal debt

Use your actual price and alternative earnings before evaluating return. Model your own starting point →

WHAT THIS DEGREE PAYS

Observed national outcomes

$180,229Median reported earnings · year 4

Not availableAverage reported earnings · year 5

Not availableMedian federal debt

97thYear-4 earnings percentile at this credential

1Reporting programs

1With year-4 earnings

COMPARE CREDENTIAL LEVELS

The same field can produce a different equation.

Keep the federal field fixed and compare observed outcomes at every reportable credential level. These are separate graduate cohorts—not a promise that more schooling causes the difference.

OPEN PROFILE

Bachelor's Degree

Year-4 earnings: $64,445
Federal debt: $18,000
Reporting programs: 5

5 report earnings →OPEN PROFILE

Master's Degree

Year-4 earnings: $110,091
Federal debt: Not available
Reporting programs: 3

3 report earnings →CURRENT VIEW

Doctoral Degree

Year-4 earnings: $180,229
Federal debt: Not available
Reporting programs: 1

1 report earnings →OPEN PROFILE

First Professional Degree

Year-4 earnings: $136,194
Federal debt: Not available
Reporting programs: 1

1 report earnings →

COLLEGE-TO-COLLEGE RANGE

Where the middle half of programs lands

Year‑4 earnings differ by college. This band shows the 25th percentile, national median and 75th percentile among reporting programs.

Median

25th percentile$180,229National median$180,22975th percentile$180,229

1 programs report year‑4 earnings.

WHERE OUTCOMES ARE STRONGEST

See the spread, not just the national number.

1University at Buffalo$180,229

Observed year-4 earnings · top displayed records are not a universal ranking

WHERE THIS FIELD CAN LEAD

Related occupations

Official CIP–SOC links add career context without claiming that every graduate enters the same job.

Health Specialties Teachers, PostsecondarySOC 25-1071 · 8 crosswalk linksMedical Scientists, Except EpidemiologistsSOC 19-1042 · 8 crosswalk linksEnvironmental Scientists and Specialists, Including HealthSOC 19-2041 · 3 crosswalk linksBiological Science Teachers, PostsecondarySOC 25-1042 · 2 crosswalk linksBiological Scientists, All OtherSOC 19-1029 · 2 crosswalk linksNatural Sciences ManagersSOC 11-9121 · 2 crosswalk linksEnvironmental Engineering Technologists and TechniciansSOC 17-3025 · 1 crosswalk linksEnvironmental Science and Protection Technicians, Including HealthSOC 19-4042 · 1 crosswalk linksOccupational Health and Safety SpecialistsSOC 19-5011 · 1 crosswalk linksOccupational Health and Safety TechniciansSOC 19-5012 · 1 crosswalk links

BEST COLLEGES FOR PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY

Same degree, different outcomes

Compare reported outcomes using the same federal field and credential. Automated ROI is withheld when an exact program price or personal earnings baseline is required.

#	College	Location	Earnings, year 4	Federal debt	ROI status	Cost context
1	University at BuffaloDoctoral Degree	Buffalo, NY	$180,229	Not available	Baseline needed	$20,995

This page keeps the field and credential level fixed. Federal categories can still combine multiple catalog programs or concentrations. Automated ROI is limited to associate and bachelor’s degrees because institution-wide annual net price is not a reliable proxy for short certificate prices. ROI is an illustrative scenario, not a federal determination.